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Table 2 Mean (SD) covariates: total sample and subgroups of the conditional growth mixture model four-class solution

From: An observational study of response heterogeneity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder following treatment switch to modified-release methylphenidate

  

Subgroup

 

Total sample (N = 822)

High-start, mixed-response (n = 49)

High-start, first-phase response (n = 154)

High-start, low-response (n = 227)

Low-start, low-response (n = 392)

 

Mean

(SD)

Mean

(SD)

Mean

(SD)

Mean

(SD)

Mean

(SD)

Age (years)

10.04

(2.47)

8.83

(2.33)

9.26

(2.29)

9.96

(2.51)

10.55

(2.38)

MPHpre (mg)

16.45

(14.80)

6.27

(10.39)

9.57

(12.29)

19.42

(15.03)

18.39

(14.61)

MPHVisit 1 (mg)

22.51

(9.61)

17.41

(7.81)

19.82

(7.97)

23.00

(10.61)

24.00

(9.38)

MPHVisit 2 (mg)

25.52

(9.81)

21.61

(7.47)

23.26

(7.89)

26.10

(11.18)

26.03

(8.90)

Conduct problemsa

4.16

(2.29)

6.67

(1.84)

5.43

(1.90)

5.17

(2.04)

2.77

(1.67)

Emotional symptomsb

3.79

(2.46)

3.78

(2.47)

3.55

(2.51)

4.48

(2.38)

3.48

(2.41)

  1. High-start = subgroups with more severe symptoms compared with the low-start group at Visit 1; mixed-response = in parent ratings, comparatively stronger treatment response is observed during Visit 2 to Visit 3 and in teacher ratings during Visit 1 to Visit 2; first-phase response = in parent and in teacher ratings comparatively stronger treatment response is observed during Visit 1 to Visit 2; low-response = compared with other subgroups only minor symptom reduction is detected during the observational period; Missing data were handled by FIML; to obtain means and SDs in the subgroups, raw data were weighted by the estimated posterior probabilities.
  2. FIML = full-information maximum-likelihood method; MPH = methylphenidate; MPHpre = daily dose of MPH before switch to modified-release MPH; MPHVisit 1 = daily dose of modified-release MPH prescribed at Visit 1; MPHVisit 2 = daily dose of modified-release MPH prescribed at Visit 2; SD = standard deviation.
  3. aConduct Problems Scale Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in parent ratings at Visit 1.
  4. bEmotional Symptoms Scale Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in parent ratings at Visit 1.