Table 2 Psychotropic treatment by type of bipolar disorder among patients attending an out–patient tertiary care service
|  | Bipolar I disorder (N = 32) | Bipolar II disorder (N = 81) | Total | Daily dosage min–max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | Mg |
Lithium | 20 (62.5) | 15 (18.5) * | 35 (31.0) | 300–1950 |
Anticonvulsants | 10 (31.3) | 36 (44.4) †| 46 (40.7) |  |
  Valproate | 3 (9.4) | 14 (17.3) | 17 (15) | 250–2000 |
  Carbamazepine | 1 (3.1) | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 600 |
  Lamotrigine | 6 (18.8) | 13 (16) | 19 (16.8) | 50–500 |
  Gabapentin | 1 (3.1) | 6 (7.4) | 7 (6.2) | 300–1600 |
  Topiramate | 1 (3.1) | 9 (11.1) | 10 (8.8) | 25–200 |
  Levetiracetam | 0 | 1 (1.2) | 1 (0.9) | 250 |
Antidepressants | 17 (53.1) | 54 (66.7) †| 71 (62.8) |  |
  SSRIs | 7 (21.9) | 27 (33.3) | 34 (30.1) |  |
  Citalopram | 4 (12.5) | 10 (12.3) | 14 (12.4) | 20–80 |
  Escitalopram | 1 (3.1) | 12 (14.8) | 13 (11.5) | 5–40 |
  Fluoxetine | 1 (3.1) | 1 (1.2) | 2 (1.8) | 20 |
  Fluvoxamine | 1 (3.1) | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 200 |
  Paroxetine | 0 | 2 (2.5) | 2 (1.8) | 40–60 |
  Sertraline | 0 | 2 (2.5) | 2 (1.8) | 100–200 |
SNRI | 9 (28.1) | 13 (16.0) | 22 (19.5) | Â |
  Duloxetine | 0 | 1 (1.2) | 1 (0.9) | 60 |
  Venlafaxine | 9 (28.1) | 12 (14.8) | 21 (18.6) | 75–300 |
Moclobemide | 0 | 1 (1.2) | 1 (0.9) | 600 |
Antidepressants Tricyclic | 1 (3.1) | 5 (6.2) | 6 (5.3) | Â |
  Amitriptyline | 1 (3.1) | 4 (4.9) | 5 (4.4) | 10–100 |
  Trimipramine | 0 | 1 (1.2) | 1 (0.9) | 50 |
Other antidepressants | 6 (18.8) | 27 (33.3) | 33 (29.2) | Â |
  Bupropion | 2 (6.3) | 13 (16.0) | 15 (13.3) | 100–450 |
  Mirtazapine | 0 | 4 (4.9) | 4 (3.5) | 7.5–60 |
  Trazodone | 5 (15.6) | 13 (16.0) | 18 (15.9) | 50–200 |
Anxiolytics benzodiazepines | 10 (31.3) | 16 (19.8) †| 26 (23.0) |  |
Neuroleptics | 18 (56.3) | 33 (40.7) †| 51 (45.1) |  |
Neuroleptics first generation | 2 (6.3) | 4 (4.9) | 6 (5.3) | Â |
  Methotrimeprazine | 1 (3.1) | 4 (4.9) | 5 (4.4) | 10–125 |
  Trifluoperazine | 1 (3.1) | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 3 |
Neuroleptics second generation | 17 (53.1) | 30 (37.0) | 47 (41.6) | Â |
  Olanzapine | 7 (21.9) | 6 (7.4) | 13 (11.5) | 2.5–20 |
  Quetiapine | 8 (25.0) | 18 (22.2) | 26 (23.0) | 12.5–450 |
  Risperidone | 2 (6.3) | 8 (9.9) | 10 (8.8) | 0.5–2.00 |
Stimulants – methylphenidate | 0 | 1 (1.2) | 1 (0.9) | 5 |
Hypnotics – Zopiclone | 0 | 5 (6.2) | 5 (4.4) | 3.75–30 |
No psychotropics | 0 | 8 (90.0) | 8 (7.0) | Â |