From: The association between diet quality, dietary patterns and depression in adults: a systematic review
Author, country of study, year | n = subjects (%females) | Age, years; Mean (±SD) or range, yr | Population description | Dietary assessment | Depression assessment | Quality score% | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tool | Type | Tool | Cut-off | |||||
Cohort | ||||||||
Akbaraly et al., UK, 2009 [21] | 3486 (26.2) | 55.6 (*), 35–55 | White European participants in the Whitehall II study with diet data at 1997–9, and depression data at 2002–4 | FFQ, validated, 127 items | (i) Whole food | CES-D | >15 | 100 |
(ii) Processed food | ||||||||
Sanchez-Villegas et al., Spain, 2009 [36] | 10,094 (% in categories of adherence to Med. diet; 0–2: 59.9 3: 61.4 4: 58.0 5: 57.4 6–9: 56.0) | Age in categories of adherence to Med. diet; 0–2: 33.3 (9.8) 3: 35.7 (10.7) 4: 36.8 (11.3) 5: 38.0 (11.6) 6–9: 41.3 (12.1) | SUN Spanish cohort of former students of University of Navarra, registered professionals from some Spanish provinces and other university graduates | FFQ, validated, 136 items | Mediterranean diet | Self-reported question | – | 83.3 |
Chatzi et al., Greece, 2011 [15] | 529 (100) | * | Prospective mother-child cohort, recruitment mid-pregnancy, follow up 8–10 weeks post-partum | FFQ, validated for this particular cohort, 250 items | (i) Western pattern | EPDS | ≥13 | 91.7 |
(ii) Healthy pattern | ||||||||
Okubu et al., Japan, 2011 [23] | 865 (100) | 29.9 (4.0) | Pregnant females enrolled in the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study, recruited 2001–3, follow up 2–9 months post-partum | DHQ, validated, 145 items | (i) Healthy diet | EPDS | ≥9 | 100 |
(ii) Western diet | ||||||||
(iii) Japanese diet | ||||||||
Sanchez-Villegas et al., Spain, 2011 [20] | 8,964 (*) | * | SUN Spanish cohort of former students of University of Navarra, registered professionals from some Spanish provinces and other university graduates | FFQ, validated, 136 items, 2 × 24 hour diet recalls | (i) Fast food | Self-reported question | – | 100 |
(ii) Commercial baked goods | ||||||||
Case–control | ||||||||
Park et al., Korea, 2010 [37] | 130 (100) | Cases: 20.6 (0.2) | Korean female College students residing in Incheon area, recruited 2009 | Independently constructed self-reported dietary habits questionnaire 16 items | (i) Dietary pattern of meat, fish, eggs, beans more than twice a day | CES-D | ≥16 | 84.6 |
Control: 20.5 (0.2) | ||||||||
(ii) Total dietary habits score | ||||||||
Cross-sectional | ||||||||
Tangney et al., USA, 2002 [26] | 117 (100) | 61.5 (*) | Female breast cancer patients of urban teaching hospital, cancer diagnosis 0.5–5 years prior to 1997 | HHHQ transcribed to modified Block FFQ, HEI | Diet quality ascertained by HEI score | CES-D | ≥16 | 88.9 |
Liu et al., China, 2007 [30] | 2,579 (42.1) | 20.4 (*) | College students over 7 cities in China, recruited 2003–4 | Independently constructed FFQ specifically for study | (i) Ready to eat food | CES-D, adapted to use 3 items | – | 88.9 |
(ii) Snack food | ||||||||
(iii) Fast food | ||||||||
Samieri et al., France, 2008 [25] | 1,724 (62.5) | 65+ | Community-dwelling residents of Bordeaux, France, enrolled in Three-City study, recruited 2001–2 | FFQ, 24 hour diet recall | (i) Biscuits and snacking | CES-D, hybrid analyses | – | 88.9 |
(ii) Healthy diet | ||||||||
(iii) Charcuterie, starchy foods (women) ψ | ||||||||
(iv) Pizza, sandwich (women) | ||||||||
Jeffery et al., USA, 2009 [19] | 4,655 (100) | 52.4 (6.6) | Telephone survey of females enrolled in the Group Health Cooperative who had previously completed survey regarding breast cancer risk | Independently constructed FFQ, 39 items | (i) High calorie sweet diet | PHQ | ≥10 | 55.6 |
(ii) High calorie non-sweet diet | ||||||||
(iii) Low calorie diet | ||||||||
Beydoun et al., USA, 2009 [32] | (i) 1789 (56.1) | (i) 30–64 | Two subsamples of HANDLS, recruited from initial recruitment phase in 2004; sample (ii) also had information regarding bone quality | USDA,AMPM 2 × 24 hour diet recall, validated, 2005 HEI | Diet quality ascertained by HEI | CES-D | ≥16, and ≥20 | 88.9 |
(ii) 30–64 | ||||||||
(ii) 1583 (56.5) | ||||||||
Mikolajczyk et al., Europe, 2009 [38] | Germany: 696 (56.6) | 20.6 (2.3) (Combined) | First Year College students, subsample of participants enrolled in Cross National Student Health Survey, recruited 2005 | FFQ, 12 items | Fast food | M-BDI | ≥35 | 77.8 |
Poland: 489 (71.8) | ||||||||
Bulgaria: 654 (68.7) | ||||||||
Pagoto et al., USA, 2009 [24] | 210 (78.4) | 51.8 (11.2) | Residents of Lawrence, Massachusetts, enrolled in Lawrence Diabetes Prevention Project, 2004–7 | 3 × 24 hour diet recalls | Alternate HEI | CES-D | ≥16 | 88.9 |
Beydoun et al., USA, 2010 [34] | 1,681 (56.3) | Males: 47.9 (9.3) | Subsample of HANDLS, recruited from initial recruitment phase 2004–8 | USDA, AMPM, validated, 2× 24 hour recall, 2005 HEI | Diet quality ascertained by HEI score | CES-D | ≥16 | 88.9 |
Females: 47.9 (9.2) | ||||||||
Beydoun and Wang, USA, 2010 [33] | 2,217 (50.3) | 20–39 | Subsample of NHANES, pooled for periods 1999–2000, 2001–2, 2003–4 | USDA, AMPM, validated, 2× 24 hour recall, 2005 HEI | Diet quality ascertained by HEI score | CIDI | <curve AUC = 0.83 | 88.9 |
Jacka et al., Australia, 2010 [7] | 1,046 (100) | 20–93 | Females enrolled in Geelong Osteoporosis Study, recruited 1994–7 | FFQ, validated, 74 items | (i) Western diet | SCID-I/NP | – | 100 |
(ii) Traditional diet | ||||||||
(iii) ‘Modern’ diet | ||||||||
Kuczmarski et al., USA, 2010 [29] | 1,118 (55.7) | 48.4 (0.3) | Subsample of HANDLS, urban population, recruited from initial recruitment phase 2004–8 | USDA 2005 HEI, 2 x dietary recalls | Total diet quality | CES-D | ≥16 | 88.9 |
Mamplekou et al., Mediterranean Islands, 2010 [28] | 1,190 (53.5) | 65–100 | Randomly recruited, population-based sample of elderly individuals residing in the Republic of Cyprus, and the islands of Mitilini, Samothraki, Cephanlonia, Crete, Corfu, Lemnos and Zakynthos | FFQ, validated, MedDietScore | Mediterranean diet | GDS | >10 | 88.9 |
Nanri et al., Japan, 2010 [22] | 521 (40.7) | 21–67 | Employees of two municipal offices in Northeastern Kyushu, Japan, who attended a periodic health examination, recruited 2006 | BDHQ, validated, 65 items, Principle component analysis | (i) Healthy Japanese diet pattern | CES-D | ≥16 | 100 |
(ii) Animal food pattern | ||||||||
(iii) Westernized breakfast pattern | ||||||||
Aihara et al., Japan, 2011 [27] | 833 (56.5) | Males: 76.1 (5.0) | Random recruitment from rosters of community associations of Odawara, Japan | Independently constructed, self-reported dietary habits, single question “ Do you eat well-balanced meals (i.e., intake of a variety of food with staple food, as well as main and side dishes)? | Well balanced diet | GDS-5 | ≥2 | 88.9 |
Females: 74.9 (5.5) | ||||||||
Castellanos et al., USA, 2011 [39] | 75 (0) | 29.6 (8.2) | Latino males residing in Mississippi, convenience sample | The Block fat and fruit and vegetable screening tool for | (i) Fruit and vegetable | CES-D | ≥16 | 77.8 |
Mexican Americans, validated | (ii) Fat intake | |||||||
Crawford et al., USA, 2011 [40] | 626 (100) | 45–54 | Females enrolled in the Midlife Health Study, recruited 2002–4 | Single question “How often did you eat foods from the following restaurants during the past year?” | Fast food frequency | CES-D | ≥16 | 77.8 |
Fowles, Timmerman et al. USA, 2011 [41] | 50 (100) | 24.0 (*) | Low-income females in first trimester of pregnancy, identified as uninsured or underinsured by Texas-based insurance records, recruited 2009 | DQI-P, 3 × 24 hour diet recall | Fast food frequency | EPDS | ≥10 | 77.8 |
Fowles, Bryant et al. USA, 2011 [31] | 118 (100) | 25.3 (5.3) | Low-income females in first trimester of pregnancy, identified as uninsured or underinsured by Texas-based insurance records, recruited 2009-10 | DQI-P, 3 × 24 hour diet recall | Total diet quality | EPDS | ≥10 | 88.9 |
Jacka et al., Norway, 2011 [8] | 5,731 (56.8) | 46–49 (n = 2,957) | Subsample of Hordaland Health Study, participants from four communities, born in years 1925–7 or 1950–1 | FFQ, validated, 169 items | (i) Healthy diet | HADS-D | ≥8 | 88.9 |
70–74 (n = 2,774) | (ii) Western diet | |||||||
(iii) Norwegian diet | ||||||||
(iv) Diet quality score |