Parameter | Control subjects | COPD patients | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Nonsmokers | Smokers | Non-depressed | Depressed | |
Number of subjects | 23 | 13 | 50 | 20 |
Age (yr) | 66.7 ± 9.0 | 66.5 ± 11.6 | 68.5 ± 7.2 | 68.2 ± 7.8 |
Gendera (no. of males; %) | 15 (65.2) | 12 (92.3) | 47 (94.0) | 14 (70.0) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.1 ± 2.4 | 23.0 ± 2.8 | 21.9 ± 3.1 | 19.8 ± 3.8†|
Smoking statusa | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Non / Ex / Cu (no.) | 23 / 0 / 0 | 0 / 4 / 9 | 0 / 33 / 17 | 0 / 14 / 6 |
Smoke index (pack-yrs) | 0 | 40.0 ± 18.2*** | 59.3 ± 30.3*** | 52.2 ± 27.0*** |
Comorbiditiesa | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hypertension (no; %) | 7 (30.4) | 4 (30.8) | 13 (26.0) | 4 (20.0) |
Diabetes (no; %) | 5 (21.7) | 1 (7.7) | 11 (22.0) | 6 (30.0) |
Duration of COPD (yr) | N/A | N/A | 5.3 ± 3.9 | 5.5 ± 4.4 |
GOLD stagea | Â | Â | Â | Â |
I / II / III / IV (no.) | N/A | N/A | 7 / 22 / 17 / 4 | 2 / 4 / 8 / 6 |
Lung function parameters | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Before bronchodilator | Â | Â | Â | Â |
FVC (L) | 3.5 ± 0.9 | 3.6 ± 0.7 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.9*†‡ |
%FVC | 108.5 ± 17.0 | 105.6 ± 19.3 | 98.8 ± 18.3 | 86.4 ± 22.2**†|
FEV1 (L) | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.6***†††| 1.1 ± 0.7***†††|
%FEV1 | 100.8 ± 14.3 | 94.9 ± 20.1 | 54.9 ± 20.8***†††| 44.8 ± 24.9***†††|
FEV1/FVC (%) | 77.2 ± 6.9 | 73.8 ± 5.2 | 44.4 ± 12.7***†††| 41.0 ± 16.2***†††|
After bronchodilator | Â | Â | Â | Â |
FVC (L) | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 1.0*†‡ |
%FVC | 108.0 ± 17.4 | 104.3 ± 18.0 | 99.3 ± 18.5 | 84.9 ± 23.5**†‡ |
FEV1 (L) | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.6***†††| 1.2 ± 0.7***†††|
%FEV1 | 103.0 ± 15.5 | 96.5 ± 19.9 | 56.4 ± 20.8***†††| 45.3 ± 25.0***†††|
FEV1 / FVC (%) | 79.2 ± 6.5 | 76.0 ± 5.9 | 45.6 ± 13.4***†††| 42.3 ± 15.9***†††|
Reversibility of FEV1 (%) | 2.2 ± 4.5 | 1.8 ± 3.8 | 3.3 ± 5.3 | 1.0 ± 5.2 |
Arterial blood gases | Â | Â | Â | Â |
PaO2 (Torr) | 90.3 ± 7.5 | 92.9 ± 5.9 | 76.6 ± 9.5***†††| 71.9 ± 13.9***†††|
PaCO2 (Torr) | 41.4 ± 3.2 | 41.7 ± 3.5 | 40.0 ± 4.0 | 44.6 ± 7.1‡ |
mMRC dyspnea scale | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 1.1***†††| 2.1 ± 1.6***†††§ |
SGRQ | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Total score (units) | 8.4 ± 8.3 | 15.7 ± 12.0 | 32.6 ± 15.9***††| 57.8 ± 20.8***†††¶ |
Symptom score (units) | 19.6 ± 13.4 | 30.9 ± 18.9 | 40.8 ± 21.3**††| 66.2 ± 16.7***†††¶ |
Activity score (units) | 6.0 ± 7.1 | 20.9 ± 17.2 | 42.9 ± 24.1***†††| 68.2 ± 29.7***†††§ |
Impact score (units) | 6.2 ± 10.0 | 8.0 ± 9.9 | 21.3 ± 13.9**††| 52.0 ± 23.2***†††¶ |
CES-D scale | 1.7 ± 2.9 | 2.5 ± 3.1 | 8.5 ± 5.2***†††| 24.5 ± 6.0***†††¶ |
Treatments for COPDb | Â | Â | Â | Â |
LAMA (no; %) | 0 | 0 | 33 (66.0) | 16 (80.0) |
LABA (no; %) | 0 | 0 | 21 (42.0) | 10 (50.0) |
ICS (no; %) | 0 | 0 | 15 (30.0) | 11 (55.5) |
SRT (no; %) | 0 | 0 | 7 (14.0) | 4 (20.0) |