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Table 1 Characteristics of the patients according to relapse status and univariate Cox proportional-hazards models: Crude Hazard Ratio (HR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI)

From: Quality of life is predictive of relapse in schizophrenia

 

Relapse

    
 

Yes (N = 540)

No (N = 484)

    
 

M (SD)1

M (SD)

p-value

Crude HR

95% CI

p-value

Socio-demographic characteristics

Age

40.3 (10.1)

42. 0 (11.6)

p = 0.013

0.99

(0.98;0.99)

p = 0.004

Gender (Male), N (%)2

62.1

61.2

p = 0.773

0.97

(0.82;1.16)

p = 0.762

Living alone, N (%)

33.5

34.5

p = 0.740

0.97

(0.81;1.16)

p = 0.754

Unemployed, N (%)

56.9

35.7

P = 0.240

0.79

(0.53;1.15)

p = 0.237

Severity of symptoms: PANSS3

      

Positive PANSS score

12.7 (5.7)

11.7 (5.1)

p = 0.003

1.03

(1.01;1.04)

p = 0.001

Negative PANSS score

16.1 (7.3)

14.6 (7.5)

p = 0.002

1.02

(1.01;1.03)

p = 0.001

General Psychopathology PANSS score

29.7 (10.2)

27.7 (10.1)

P = 0.001

1.02

(1.01;1.02)

p < 0.001

Functioning

GAF4

48.5 (15.6)

55.0 (15.9)

p < 0.001

0.98

(0.98;0.99)

p < 0.001

Side Effects

BAS5

1.3 (3.0)

1.1 (2.7)

p = 0.192

1.02

(0.99;1.04)

p = 0.147

AIMS6

3.0 (6.9)

2.5 (5.6)

p = 0.228

1.01

(0.99;1.02)

p = 0.328

SAS7

3.5 (8.2)

3.5 (7.7)

p = 0.963

1.00

(0.99;1.011)

p = 0.990

Medication

Second-generation antipsychotics (Yes), N (%)

45.6

38.9

p = 0.034

1.26

(1.06;1.49)

p = 0.009

Attitude towards medication: ROMI8

ROMI compliance score

10.8 (3.5)

11.1 (3.1)

p = 0.223

0.97

(0.95;0.99)

p = 0.035

Quality of life

SF36 - Physical Composite Score *

47.2 (9.8)

49.1 (8.7)

p = 0.001

0.83

(0.76;0.91)

p < 0.001

SF36 - Mental Composite Score **

40.3 (11.8)

43.7 (11.0)

p < 0.001

0.84

(0.78;0.91)

p < 0.001

QoLI - OLS score***

4.7 (0.9)

4.8 (0.8)

p = 0.006

0.86

(0.78;0.95)

p = 0.003

  1. 1 Mean (Standard Deviation); 2 Effective (Percentage); 3 Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; 4Global Assessment Functioning; 5Barnes Akathisia score; 6Abnormal Involuntary Movement Score; 7Simpson-Angus score; 8Rating of Medication Influences Scale.
  2. * HR for the SF36 - Physical Composite Score should be interpreted this way, “an increase of 10 points on the Physical Composite Score multiplied by 0.83 the instantaneous risk of relapse at 24 months”;
  3. ** HR for the SF36 - Mental Composite Score should be interpreted this way, “an increase of 10 points on the Mental Composite Score multiplied by 0.84 the instantaneous risk of relapse at 24 months”;
  4. *** HR for the QoLI - OLS score should be interpreted this way, “an increase of 1 point on the QoLI score multiplied by 0.86 the instantaneous risk of relapse at 24 months”.