Table 2 Characteristics and comparison of patients (n = 680) admitted and not admitted to in-patient wards from CRTs

Overall admission rate to in-patient wards n (%)

146 (21.5)

534 (78.5)

Socio-demographic variables

Age (years): mean (SD)

41.82 (14.66)

39.63 (15.12)

0.124

Gender: n (%) female

84 (58.3)

312 (58.9)

0.908

Single, divorced, or widowed: n (%)

97 (68.3)

318 (60.9)

0.107

Living alone: n (%)

83 (57.6)

313 (58.4)

0.870

Employed at present: n (%)

24 (16.7)

151 (28.2)

0.005

Custody of children aged under 18 years: n (%)

34 (29.1)

134 (34.6)

0.263

Clinical variables

Clinical diagnosis (ICD–10): n (%)

 F10–19 Substance use disorders

8 (5.8)

45 (8.8)

0.260

 F20–29 Schizophrenia disorders

28 (20.4)

32 (6.3)

< 0.001

 F30–39 Affective disorders

55 (40.1)

165 (32.3)

0.085

 F40–49 Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders

22 (16.1)

125 (24.5)

0.037

 F60–69 Personality disorders

3 (2.2)

27 (5.3)

0.126

GAF: mean (SD)

 Symptom

39.26 (10.31)

50.80 (10.70)

< 0.001

 Functioning

41.37 (10.62)

51.78 (12.13)

< 0.001

Suicide risk: n (%)

 No suicidal thoughts/death intentions

36 (27.9)

221 (43.0)

0.001

 Passive suicidal thoughts, with no death intentions

52 (37.1)

209 (40.7)

0.451

 Concrete suicidal plans or self-injury, with no death intentions

43 (30.7)

67 (13.0)

< 0.001

 Self-injury with death intentions

6 (4.3)

17 (3.3)

Severity of clinical and social problems: n (%)

Non-accidental self-injury (HoNOS 2):

 0 No problem

84 (58.3)

410 (76.5)

< 0.001

 1 Minor problem requiring no action

18 (12.5)

42 (7.8)

0.080

 2 Mild problem but definitely present

13 (9.0)

34 (6.3)

0.260

 3 Moderately severe problem

17 (11.8)

31 (5.8)

0.012

 4 Severe to very severe problem

12 (8.3)

19 (3.5)

0.014

Substance misuse (HoNOS 3):

 0 No problem

95 (66.0)

388 (72.4)

0.132

 1 Minor problem requiring no action

15 (10.4)

52 (9.7)

0.798

 2 Mild problem but definitely present

11 (7.6)

39 (7.3)

0.882

 3 Moderately severe problem

17 (11.8)

43 (8.0)

0.155

 4 Severe to very severe problem

6 (4.2)

14 (2.6)

0.327

Psychotic symptoms (HoNOS 6):

 0 No problem

80 (55.6)

438 (81.7)

< 0.001

 1 Minor problem requiring no action

15 (10.4)

48 (9.0)

0.591

 2 Mild problem, but definitely present

17 (11.8)

31 (5.8)

0.012

 3 Moderately severe problem

21 (14.6)

15 (2.8)

< 0.001

 4 Severe to very severe problem

11 (7.6)

4 (0.7)

< 0.001

Depressive symptoms (HoNOS 7):

 0 No problem

16 (11.1)

64 (11.9)

0.784

 1 Minor problem requiring no action

21 (14.6)

112 (20.9)

0.090

 2 Mild problem, but definitely present

52 (36.1)

219 (40.9)

0.302

 3 Moderately severe problem

39 (27.1)

115 (21.5)

0.152

 4 Severe to very severe problem

16 (11.1)

26 (4.9)

0.006

Unwanted incidents: n (%)

 Attempted suicide

6 (4.2)

8 (1.5)

0.031

 Deliberate self-harm

12 (8.3)

20 (3.7)

0.031

 Physical attacks on others

5 (3.5)

11 (2.1)

0.351

 Physical attacks from others

1 (0.7)

4 (0.7)

Past psychiatric history: n (%)

 Previous mental health service contact

94 (65.2)

307 (57.3)

0.063

 Psychiatric admission past 12 months

55 (44.4)

87 (19.0)

< 0.001

Other characteristics: n (%)

 Pharmacological treatment

57 (39.6)

184 (34.3)

0.242

 Receiving involuntary treatment

1 (0.7)

2 (0.4)

Contact/support in 48 hours before admission: n (%)

 GP

54 (37.5)

176 (32.8)

0.294

 Emergency ward

32 (22.2)

101 (18.8)

0.364

 Local CMHT

21 (14.6)

62 (11.6)

0.326

 Outpatient clinics in CMHC

21 (14.6)

34 (6.3)

0.001

 Support from family and/or friends

62 (43.1)

208 (38.8)

0.355

Referral route to the CRT: n (%)

 Emergency referrals

114 (79.2)

375 (70.0)

0.029

 Self-referrals

31 (21.5)

141 (26.3)

0.242

 Delivered to CRT by the police

14 (9.7)

13 (2.4)

< 0.001