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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study sample a

From: The relationship between obesity and neurocognitive function in Chinese patients with schizophrenia

Characteristic

Underweight (n = 57)

Normal weight (n = 358)

Overweight (n = 319)

Obese (n = 162)

F/χ 2

p value

Age (years)

27.6 ± 8.5

27.1 ± 7.6

27.8 ± 6.6

27.8 ± 7.6

0.738

0.529

Male, N (%)

22(38.6)

162(45.3)

203(63.6)

106(65.4)

36.683

<0.001b

Marital Status, N (%)

    

3.931

0.686

 Married

37(64.9)

243(67.9)

197(61.8)

106(65.4)

  

 Never married

16(28.1)

94(26.3)

103(32.3)

49(30.2)

  

 Widowed, divorced, or separated

4(7.0)

21(5.9)

19(6.0)

7(4.3)

  

Education (years)

12.6 ± 2.8

12.5 ± 3.0

12.4 ± 2.9

12.9 ± 2.8

1.264

0.286

Occupation, N (%)

    

6.301

0.098

 Office worker

20(35.1)

159(44.4)

113(35.4)

66(40.7)

  

 Manual worker

37(64.9)

199(55.6)

206(64.6)

96(59.3)

  

Smoking cigarettes, N (%)

9(15.8)

53(17.4)

61(19.1)

31(19.1)

3.423

0.330

FBS (mg/dl)

88.8 ± 12.7

89.1 ± 12.0

89.3 ± 11.1

92.0 ± 18.8

0.809

0.489

SBP (kPa)

15.1 ± 1.0

14.9 ± 1.2

15.0 ± 1.2

15.2 ± 1.2

2.119

0.096

DBP (kPa)

9.9 ± 1.0

9.8 ± 0.8

9.9 ± 0.8

10.0 ± 0.8

1.996

0.113

DSM-IV diagnosis, N (%)

    

2.251

0.522

 Schizophrenia

52(91.2)

300(83.8)

273(85.6)

137(84.6)

  

 Schizophreniform disorder

5(8.8)

58(16.2)

46(14.4)

25(15.4)

  

Duration of illness (years)

2.2 ± 1.8

2.0 ± 1.7

2.1 ± 1.8

2.4 ± 1.8

1.706

0.164

PANSS total score

47.6 ± 16.5

44.8 ± 14.6

44.8 ± 14.6

46.0 ± 12.9

1.325

0.265

MADRS total score

5.0 ± 5.5

5.2 ± 5.7

5.1 ± 5.5

5.3 ± 5.5

0.106

0.956

Current medication, N (%)

    

7.063

0.070

 Typical antipsychotics

21(31.6)

109(30.4)

71(22.3)

39(24.1)

  

 Atypical antipsychotics

36(68.4)

249(69.6)

248(77.7)

123(75.9)

  

Mean daily doses of medication (clorpromazine quivalent, mg/d)

315.7 ± 107.3

320.8 ± 104.4

322.0 ± 113.0

331.3 ± 115.5

0.447

0.719

Body mass index (kg/m2)

16.5 ± 2.4

21.1 ± 1.9

24.9 ± 1.3

29.6 ± 2.4

2203.838

<0.001

  1. aAsian BMI categories(kg/m2): underweight (< 18.5), normal weight(18.5-22.9), overweight (23–27.4) and obese (≥ 27.5); Data are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. Percentages may not sum up to 100 because of rounding.
  2. b underweight vs overweight, p < 0.001; underweight vs obese, p < 0.001; normal weight vs overweight, p < 0.001; normal weight vs obese, p < 0.001;
  3. Abbreviation: FBS, fasting blood glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition; PANSS, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale.