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Table 2 Association of socioeconomic and clinical characteristics and psychological distress among TB patients in 42 clinics, South Africa, 2011

From: Prevalence of psychological distress and associated factors in tuberculosis patients in public primary care clinics in South Africa

 

K-10 (28 or more)

K-10 (16 or more)

 

Crude OR

Adjusted OR

Crude OR

Adjusted OR

Socio-demographics

(95 % CI)a

(95 % CI)a,b

(95 % CI)a

(95 % CI)a,c

Age

18-30

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

31-44

1.16 (1.01-1.33)*

1.20 (1.03-1.40)*

1.17 (1.00-1.37)

1.04 (0.86-1.26)

45 or more

1.46 (1.24-1.71)***

1.52 (1.24-1.85)***

1.57 (1.28-1.93)***

1.30 (1.00-1.69)*

Gender

Female

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Male

1.07 (0.95-1.21)

1.06 (0.92-1.21)

0.96 (083–1.11)

0.90 (0.75-1.07)

Marital status

Not married

1.00

1.00

1.00

---

Married/cohabitating

0.84 (0.72-0.98)*

0.74 (0.62-0.87)***

0.85 (0.71-1.01)

 

Separated/divorced/widowed

1.17 (0.90-1.51)

1.05 (0.36-3.91)

1.37 (0.97-1.93)

 

Education

Grade 7 or less

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Grade 8-11

0.72 (0.62-0.83)***

0.77 (0.65-0.91)**

0.72 (0.59-0.87)***

0.78 (0.62-0.99)*

Grade 12 or more

0.73 (0.62-0.86)***

0.85 (0.70-1.02)

0.49 (0.40-0.59)***

0.55 (0.42-0.71)***

Poverty

Low

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Medium

1.46 (1.27-1.68)***

1.39 (1.20-1.62)***

1.23 (1.05-1.43)**

1.07 (0.86-1.33)

Poverty high

2.14 (1.78-2.56)***

1.90 (1.57-2.31)***

2.74 (2.11-3.56)***

2.02 (1.50-2.70)***

Health characteristics

New TB patient

1.00

---

1.00

1.00

Retreatment TB patient

1.04 (0.84-1.11)

 

1.27 (1.06-1.52)**

1.19 (0.96-1.48)

TB/HIV co-infected

1.09 (0.96-1.24)

---

1.39 (1.20-1.62)***

1.44 (1.19-1.74)***

Partner HIV positive vs. negative or unknown

1.11 (0.97-1.28)

---

1.28 (1.08-1.53)**

1.14 (0.93-1.41)

Daily/almost daily tobacco use

1.26 (1.09-1.45)**

1.06 (0.89-1.25)

1.01 (0.84-1.21)

---

Hazardous or harmful alcohol use

1.05 (0.91-1.21)

---

1.33 (1.11-1.59)**

1.05 (0.83-1.31)

Adherence

Non-ART adherence

1.22 (0.94-1.59)

---

1.84 (0.70-4.80)

---

TB non-adherence

0.92 (0.79-1.07)

---

0.90 (0.75-1.07)

---

  1. a Using “enter” LR selection of variables.
  2. b Hosmer and Lemeshow Chi-square 12.97, df 8, 0.113; Cox and Snell R2 0.02; Nagelkerke R2 0.03.
  3. c Hosmer and Lemeshow Chi-square 3.47, df 8, 0.902; Cox and Snell R2 0.03; Nagelkerke R2 0.04.
  4. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.