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Table 1 Demographic data of ADHD children versus controls

From: The relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and premature infants in Taiwanese: a case control study

 

ADHD group

Control group

P value

Odds ratio(C.I.)(3)

Odds ratio(C.I.)(4)

Case number

195

212

   

Age (y/o) (mean ± SD)

8.79 ± 1.93

9.13 ± 3.87

0.488(1)

  

Gender

  

0.499(2)

  

 Male, n (%)

157 (80.5)

164 (77.3)

   

 Female, n (%)

38 (19.5)

48 (22.6)

   

Birth body weight, g (mean ± SD)

3007 ± 563.5

3351 ± 417.5

0.011(1)

0.999(0.998, 1)

0.999(0.998, 1)

Gestational age, weeks (mean ± SD)

37.6 ± 2.21

38.8 ± 1.37

0.005(1)

0.67(0.51, 0.89)

0.67(0.50, 0.89)

Prematurity*, n (%)

27 (18.9)

18 (8.5)

0.003(2)

(5)

(5)

Low birth body weight, n (%)

24 (16.2)

14 (6.6)

0.009(2)

(5)

(5)

Respiratory complications at birth, n (%)

5 (2.6)

2 (0.9)

0.336(2)

  

Neurological complications, n (%)

3 (1.5)

1 (0.5)

0.600(2)

  

Body mass index (pretest), kg/m2

18.1 ± 3.49

18.72 ± 3.67

0.422(1)

  

ADHD Rating Scale IV

     

 Total score (mean ± SD)

29.8 ± 7.98

10.73 ± 2.81

< 0.001(1)

  

 Inattention score (mean ± SD)

16.9 ± 4.23

7.1 ± 1.29

< 0.001(1)

  

 Hyperactivity score (mean ± SD)

12.7 ± 5.33

4.17 ± 1.78

< 0.001(1)

  

ADHD CGI-S (pretest) (mean ± SD)

4.5 ± 0.91

1.15 ± 0.29

< 0.001(1)

  
  1. ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; SD standard deviation; CGI-S Clinical Global Impression-Severity.
  2. *Prematurity was defined as delivered before 37 weeks’ gestation.
  3. Low birth body weight was defined as < 2500 g.
  4. (1): Independent samples T test.
  5. (2): Fisher’s exact test.
  6. (3): Odds ratio and confidence interval in logistic regression with ADHD as response and Birth body weight/Gestational age as the only predictor.
  7. (4): Odds ratio and confidence interval in logistic regression, adjusted for gender and age.
  8. (5): One of the cells in 2 by 2 table is equal to 0, so we only present significance of Fisher’s exact test.