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Table 4 Results of meta-regression analysis

From: Combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in the treatment of chronic depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis

 

Response (lnBR)

Depression symptoms (SMD)

 

constant1

beta2

p

constant1

beta2

p

% early onset

0.34

−0.30

.564

.06

0.43

−0.63

.255

.19

baseline severity

−0.66

0.04

.160

.28

−0.89

0.05

.129

.32

diagnosis (reference dysthymia)

−0.05

  

.69

−0.18

  

.69

% chronic MD

 

1.44

.028

  

0.88

.252

 

% recurrent without remission

 

−1.16

.211

  

−0.88

.312

 

% double depression

 

0.40

.085

  

0.81

.111

 

mean age

1.46

−0.03

.463

.09

0.75

−0.02

.760

.01

% female

−0.55

1.13

.373

.13

−0.77

1.43

.372

.12

sessions

−0.13

0.02

.631

.03

−0.27

0.03

.560

.04

treatment duration (weeks)

0.31

−0.01

.521

.06

0.37

−0.02

.137

.19

setting outpatient (vs. inpatient)

0.39

−0.24

.348

.15

0.29

−0.20

.469

.07

type of PT (reference IPT)

0.07

  

.57

−0.01

  

.40

CBT

 

0.15

.555

  

0.06

.846

 

CBASP

 

0.33

.002

  

0.34

.028

 

BSP

 

−0.23

.365

  

−0.05

.807

 

type of medication SSRI (vs. others)

0.42

−0.40

≤.001

.72

0.53

−0.54

.003

.64

low risk of bias (vs. medium)

0.28

−0.12

.599

.05

0.21

−0.10

.754

.01

total N in study

0.23

−0.00

.756

.02

0.13

0.00

.980

.00

multiple regression analysis

0.33

  

0.79

0.38

  

.78

% chronic MD

 

0.51

.317

  

0.54

.237

 

CBASP

 

−0.66

.769

  

−0.01

.969

 

type of medication SSRI (vs. others)

 

−0.35

.021

  

−0.46

.035

 
  1. 1 unstandardized regression constant (equals treatment effect reference category) 2 unstandardized regression weight; positive values indicate superiority of the add-on psychotherapy to medication over medication alone; lnBR = natural logarithm of Benefit Risk; SMD = Standardized Mean Difference; p = level of significance; R² = explained variance; MD = Major Depression; PT = psychotherapy; IPT = Interpersonal Psychotherapy; CBT = Cognitive Behavioural Therapy; CBASP = Cognitive Behavioural Analysis System of Psychotherapy; BSP = Brief Supportive Psychotherapy.