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Table 3 Results of all outcomes (individual studies and overall effect)

From: Combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in the treatment of chronic depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis

 

Response

Remission

Depressive symptoms

Quality of life3

Dropout

 

BR (95% CI)

BR (95% CI)

short term1

long term2

SMD (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

   

SMD (95% CI)

  

Browne 2002

0.97 (0.81,1.16)

0.94 (0.71,1.25)

−0.07 (−0.27,0.13)

0.04 (−0.16,0.24)

0.03 (−0.17,0.23)

0.98 (0.59,1.64)

deMello 2001

1.37 (0.98,1.91)

1.45 (0.81,2.59)

0.48 (−0.34,1.30)

0.50 (−0.38,1.38)

0.65 (−0.17,1.47)

0.44 (0.11,1.70)

Keller 2000

1.56 (1.33,1.84)

2.07 (1.46,2.95)

0.54 (0.19,0.89)

not reported

0.29 (0.11,0.47)

0.76 (0.49,1.17)

Kocsis (CBASP) 2009

1.07 (0.67,1.70)

1.11 (0.67,1.84)

0.12 (−0.23,0.47)

not reported

0.22 (−0.13,0.57)

0.71 (0.30,1.70)

Kocsis (BSP) 2009

0.85 (0.53,1.38)

0.91 (0.54,1.54)

−0.06 (−0.41,0.29)

not reported

0.07 (−0.28,0.42)

0.80 (0.34,1.90)

Markowitz 2005

0.98 (0.59,1.62)

1.26 (0.67,2.35)

−0.27 (−0.86,0.32)

not reported

0.22 (−0.37,0.81)

0.89 (0.21,3.88)

Miller 1999

11.27 (0.70,181.41)

1.29 (0.47,3.51)

4.15 (2.78,5.52)

0.10 (−0.66,0.86)

1.15 (0.33,1.97)

1.36 (0.19,9.91)

Ravindran 1999

1.25 (0.78,1.99)

1.06 (0.57,1.95)

0.05 (−0.54,0.64)

not reported

0.15 (−0.54,0.84)

not estimable

Schramm 2008

1.86 (1.02,3.40)

1.75 (0.80,3.84)

0.53 (−0.06,1.12)

0.63 (−0.06,1.32)

not reported

3.17 (0.56,17.78)

total

     

overall effect *

1.20 (0.98,1.48)

1.25 (0.97,1.61)

0.13 (−0.08,0.34)

0.25 (−0.15,0.66)

0.18 (0.07,0.29)

0.84 (0.64,1.11)

p for overall effect *

0.080

0.080

0.220

0.220

0.002

0.210

I² *

67%

52%

50%

42%

0%

0%

p for heterogeneity *

0.004

0.040

0.050

0.180

0.490

0.690

  1. 1 = symptoms at end of intervention; 2 = symptoms at follow-up (follow-up ranged from 8 to 18 months after the end of intervention); 3 = in the case of three studies data are based on the Social Adjustment Scale; CI = confidence interval; SMD = standardized mean difference; BR = benefit ratio; OR = odds ratio; CBASP = Cognitive Behavioural Analysis System of Psychotherapy; BSP = Brief Supportive Psychotherapy; p = level of significance; I² = measure of heterogeneity; * results after removal of the study by Miller 1999.