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Table 3 Frequency with which variables associated with intensity or course of PSDs were identified in the literature a

From: Disability and schizophrenia: a systematic review of experienced psychosocial difficulties

Associated variables

Papers in which a variable was identified n (%)

Patient treatment

58 (55.8)

 medication

32 (30.8)

 psychosocial treatment

8 (7.7)

 psychological therapy: cognitive therapy

7 (6.7)

 alternative treatment

5 (4.8)

 psychological therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy

4 (3.8)

 community-based care

1 (1.0)

 day care

1 (1.0)

Psychopathological symptoms

27 (26.0)

 positive symptoms

16 (15.4)

 negative symptoms

14 (13.5)

 global intensity of symptoms

10 (9.6)

 general psychopathology

3 (2.9)

Demographics

25 (24.0)

 employment status

14 (13.5)

 gender

12 (11.5)

 marital status

8 (7.7)

 educational level

7 (6.7)

 age

6 (5.8)

 accommodation type

6 (5.8)

 country of residence

3 (2.9)

 urban or rural residence

3 (2.9)

 social economic status

2 (1.9)

 disability benefits

1 (1.0)

 legal status

1 (1.0)

Disability and functioning

14 (13.5)

 global disability or global functioning

9 (8.7)

 social functioning

7 (6.7)

Emotional functions

13 (12.5)

 depression

10 (9.6)

 feelings of stress

3 (2.9)

 anxiety

2 (1.9)

 dysphoria

1 (1.0)

 flat affect

1 (1.0)

 hostility

1 (1.0)

Cognitive functions

12 (11.5)

 in general

6 (5.8)

 insight

3 (2.9)

 memory

3 (2.9)

 attention

1 (1.0)

 executive functions

1 (1.0)

 intelligence

1 (1.0)

 language

1 (1.0)

Illness-related variables

10 (9.6)

 age at first hospitalization

3 (2.9)

 duration of illness

3 (2.9)

 stage of illness

3 (2.9)

 age at first treatment

2 (1.9)

 age at illness onset

2 (1.9)

 course of illness

2 (1.9)

 duration of untreated psychosis

2 (1.9)

 subtype of schizophrenia

2 (1.9)

 age at discharge from hospital

1 (1.0)

Quality of life and wellbeing

9 (8.7)

 quality of life

5 (4.8)

 wellbeing

5 (4.8)

Social support

8 (7.7)

 in general

6 (5.8)

 family support

1 (1.0)

 friend support

1 (1.0)

Comorbidities

7 (6.7)

 substance abuse

4 (3.8)

 physical comorbidity

3 (2.9)

Side-effects of medication

7 (6.7)

Treatment adherence

7 (6.7)

Relationships with others

6 (5.8)

 in general

3 (2.9)

 family relationships

2 (1.9)

 aggressive behaviour

1 (1.0)

 relationships with health professionals

1 (1.0)

Health services use

5 (4.8)

 duration of hospitalizations

3 (2.9)

 number of hospitalizations

2 (1.9)

 duration of treatment

1 (1.0)

 number of health professional visits

1 (1.0)

Psychomotor functions

5 (4.8)

Self-esteem

5 (4.8)

Support for caregivers

5 (4.8)

 education

5 (4.8)

 in general

1 (1.0)

 mutual support

1 (1.0)

  1. a Only associated variables which were identified in at least 5 papers were taken into account.