Disaster exposure as a risk factor for mental health problems, eighteen months, four and ten years post-disaster – a longitudinal study

Table 4 Associations between disaster exposure (sum-score) and symptoms of ptsd at waves 2 and 3 ^a

	Symptoms of PTSD at wave 2						Symptoms of PTSD at wave 3
	Model 1:			Model 2:			Model 1:			Model 2:			Model 3:
	disaster-related factors			Disaster-related factors and symptoms distress and PTSD at wave 1			Disaster-related factors			Disaster-related factors and symptoms distress and PTSD at wave 1			Disaster-related factors and symptoms of distress and PTSD at waves 1 and 2
	B	SE	P	B	SE	P	B	SE	P	B	SE	P	B	SE	P
Intercept	−23.56	4.06	< .01	−17.98	3.71	< .01	−32.63	4.13	< .05	−28.28	3.84	< .01	−20.59	3.67	< .05
Degree of disaster exposure	2.23	0.19	< .001	0.63	0.21	< .01	2.19	0.20	< .01	0.87	0.19	< .01	0.53	0.16	<.05
Symptoms of distress at wave 1				0.1	0.01	< .01				0.09	0.01	< .05	0.02	0.01	n.s.
Symptoms of PTSD at wave 1				0.24	0.04	< .01				0.19	0.05	< .01	0.07	0.04	n.s.
Symptoms of distress at wave 2													0.03	0.01	< .05
Symptoms of PTSD at wave 2													0.51	0.04	< .05

^aMultiple regression analysis, adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, employment status, educational level, smoking/non-smoking and number of chronic diseases. N.s. = not significant.
Model 1, wave 2: Pooled R-Squared = 0.245, Pooled R-Squared C.I. = [0.199, 0.292].
Model 2, wave 2: Pooled R-Squared = 0.403, Pooled R-Squared C.I. = [0.356, 0.449].
Model 1, wave 3: Pooled R-Squared = 0.307, Pooled R-Squared C.I. = [0.246, 0.368].
Model 2, wave 3: Pooled R-Squared = 0.413, Pooled R-Squared C.I. = [0.352, 0.473].
Model 3, wave 3: Pooled R-Squared = 0.594, Pooled R-Squared C.I. = [0.541, 0.643].

ISSN: 1471-244X