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Table 1 Patients’ and relatives’ characteristics by level of Expressed Emotion

From: The association between expressed emotion, illness severity and subjective burden of care in relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Findings from an Italian population

 

Low

EE n = 62

High

EE n = 39

P

PATIENTS

   

Age: Mean (SD), yrs.

30.4 (8.7)

28.8 (8.5)

NS

Gender: No. (%)

  

NS

   Male

46 (74)

27 (69)

 

Education: Mean (SD), yrs.

12.4 (3.4)

11.1 (2.7)

0.041a

Ordinary employed, No. (%)

17 (27)

7 (18)

NS

Married/cohabiting: No. (%)

7 (11)

4 (10)

NS

Living conditions: No. (%)

  

NSb

 In parental home

51 (82)

29 (74)

 

 In conjugal home

6 (10)

3 (8)

 

 Alone

5 (8)

7 (18)

 

Onset age: Mean (SD), yrs.

20.1 (6.3)

20.3 (7.3)

NS

Duration of illness: Mean (SD), yrs.

11.2 (8.6)

8.5 (7.2)

NS

Previous hospitalizations: Mean (SD), No.

3.2 (4.8)

3.4 (5.5)

NS

RELATIVES

   

Relationship to Patient

  

NS

 Parent

46 (74)

34 (87)

 

 Sibling

11 (18)

3 (8)

 

 Spouse/Partner

5 (8)

2 (5)

 

Gender: No. (%)

  

NS

   Male

20 (32)

15 (38)

 

Age: Mean (SD), yrs.

54.4 (11.7)

55.1 (8.4)

NS

Education: Mean (SD), yrs.

9.87 (4.1)

9.84 (3.5)

NS

Relative’s hours per week spent in contact with the patient > 35: No. (%)

46 (74)

32 (82)

NS

SBAS distress scores: Mean (SD)

   

 Disturbed behaviour

0.66 (0.62)

1.30 (0.56)

<0.0001

 Social role performance

0.37 (0.52)

0.94 (0.56)

<0.0001

 Adverse effects

0.59 (0.55)

1.30 (0.52)

<0.0001

  1. EE: Expressed Emotion; SBAS: Social Behaviour Assessment Schedule.
  2. at test with unequal variances, (Welch's degrees of freedom) = 2.0679, (95.2897).
  3. bFisher’s exact test.