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Table 3 Mean difference of reported frequency of 17 somatic symptoms compared between individuals reporting chronic whiplash and individuals not reporting chronic whiplash and individuals reporting a past fractured hand or wrist and no past fractured hand or wrist, unadjusted, adjusted for gender and fully adjusted

From: Somatic symptoms beyond those generally associated with a whiplash injury are increased in self-reported chronic whiplash. A population-based cross sectional study: the Hordaland Health Study (HUSK)

 

Chronic whiplash compared to no chronic whiplash

Fractured wrist compared to no fractured hand/wrist

Somatic symptoms

Unadjusted B (CI)

Adjusted for gender B (CI)

Fully adjusted* B (CI)

Unadjusted B (CI)

Adjusted for gender B (CI)

Fully adjusted* B (CI)

Headache (H)

0.50 (0.40-0.60)

0.48 (0.38-0.57)

0.40 (0.31-0.49)

−0.01 (−0.06-0.04)

0.05 (0.01-0.10)

0.04 (−0.00-0.09)

Dizziness (D)

0.49 (0.39-0.59)

0.47 (0.38-0.57)

0.36 (0.26-0.45)

−0.01 (−0.06-0.04)

0.04 (−0.01-0.09)

0.01 (−0.04-0.06)

Joint/muscle pain (JMP)

0.45 (0.35-0.55)

0.44 (0.34-0.53)

0.32 (0.23-0.42)

0.07 (0.02-0.12)

0.11 (0.06-0.16)

0.08 (0.03-0.13)

Abdominal pain (AP)

0.34 (0.24-0.44)

0.33 (0.23-0.43)

0.24 (0.14-0.33)

0.04 (−0.01-0.09)

0.08 (0.03-0.13)

0.05 (0.00-0.10)

Nausea (N)

0.41 (0.31-0.51)

0.39 (0.30-0.49)

0.30 (0.20-0.39)

0.00 (−0.05-0.05)

0.04 (−0.01-0.09)

0.02 (−0.03-0.06)

Bloating (B)

0.29 (0.19-0.39)

0.27 (0.18-0.37)

0.19 (0.10-0.29)

0.02 (−0.03-0.07)

0.08 (0.03-0.13)

0.06 (0.01-0.11)

Tongue plaque (TP)

0.19 (0.09-0.28)

0.18 (0.08-0.28)

0.10 (0.00-0.20)

0.05 (−0.00-0.10)

0.07 (0.01-0.12)

0.04 (−0.01-0.09)

Regurgitation (R)

0.24 (0.14-0.34)

0.24 (0.14-0.34)

0.17 (0.08-0.27)

0.07 (0.02-0.12)

0.06 (0.01-0.11)

0.04 (0.01-0.09)

Frequent defecation (FD)

0.25 (0.16-0.35)

0.26 (0.16-0.36)

0.18 (0.08-0.27)

0.10 (0.05-0.15)

0.07 (0.02-0.12)

0.05 (−0.00-0.10)

Discomfort in genital region (DGR)

0.14 (0.04-0.24)

0.13 (0.03-0.23)

0.07 (−0.03-0.17)

−0.02 (−0.07-0.03)

0.02 (−0.03-0.07)

0.01 (−0.04-0.06)

Skin discoloring (SD)

0.17 (0.07-0.27)

0.17 (0.07-0.27)

0.11 (0.01-0.21)

0.04 (−0.01-0.09)

0.04 (−0.01-0.09)

0.02 (−0.03-0.07)

Tiredness (T)

0.43 (0.33-0.52)

0.41 (0.31-0.51)

0.25 (0.16-0.33)

0.01 (−0.04-0.06)

0.05 (0.01-0.10)

0.01 (−0.03-0.06)

Paresthesia in extremities (PE)

0.41 (0.31-0.51)

0.40 (0.30-0.50)

0.30 (0.20-0.39)

0.04 (−0.01-0.09)

0.06 (0.01-0.11)

0.03 (−0.02-0.08)

Burning eyes (BE)

0.20 (0.10-0.30)

0.19 (0.09-0.29)

0.12 (0.02-0.22)

0.05 (0.00-0.10)

0.08 (0.03-0.13)

0.07 (0.02-0.11)

Shortness of breath (SB)

0.36 (0.26-0.46)

0.36 (0.26-0.46)

0.25 (0.15-0.34)

0.07 (0.02-0.12)

0.08 (0.03-0.13)

0.05 (0.00-0.09)

Chest pain (CP)

0.35 (0.25-0.45)

0.35 (0.26-0.45)

0.26 (0.17-0.36)

0.12 (0.07-0.17)

0.11 (0.06-0.16)

0.08 (0.03-0.13)

Urination problems (UP)

0.12 (0.02-0.22)

0.11 (0.01-0.21)

0.06 (−0.04-0.16)

0.03 (−0.02-0.08)

0.06 (0.01-011)

0.05 (0.00-0.10)

  1. *Adjusted for gender, anxiety, depression, education, benefit receipt, physical activity, marital status, consumption of alcohol, daily smoking and somatic diagnosis.