Waist circumference, abdominal obesity, and depression among overweight and obese U.S. adults: national health and nutrition examination survey 2005-2006

Table 3 Odds ratios (with 95% CIs) of having major depressive symptoms or moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms by overweight/obese and by abdominal obesity among overweight and obese adults, NHANES 2005-2006 (N = 2,439)

		N		Odds Ratio*
			Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Major depressive symptoms
Overweight	- abdominal obesity	615	1.00	1.00	1.00
	+ abdominal obesity	587	2.38 (1.37-4.12)	1.77 (1.14-2.75)	1.67 (1.12-2.50)
Obese	- abdominal obesity	52	1.10 (0.11-11.12)	0.87 (0.09-8.09)	0.83 (0.09-7.70)
	+ abdominal obesity	1,185	3.36 (1.99-5.66)	2.29 (1.24-4.23)	2.07 (1.03-4.14)
Wald P-value			< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Moderate-to severe depressive symptoms (PHQ score ≥ 10)
Overweight	- abdominal obesity	615	1.00	1.00	1.00
	+ abdominal obesity	587	2.41 (1.25-4.67)	2.18 (1.06-4.48)	2.03 (0.98-4.24)
Obese	- abdominal obesity	52	1.49 (0.28-7.80)	1.31 (0.26-6.52)	1.19 (0.23-6.00)
	+ abdominal obesity	1,185	3.28 (1.91-5.65)	2.79 (1.42-5.48)	2.40 (1.18-4.86)
Wald P-value			< 0.001	0.014	0.062

*Model 1: unadjusted, Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, race, education, family poverty-income ratio, serum cotinine concentrations, physical activity and heavy alcohol drinking, Model 3: adjusted for the same set of variables as in Model 2 plus coexistence of the number of chronic conditions (including hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, arthritis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic kidney disease and cancer).

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