Involvement in the US criminal justice system and cost implications for persons treated for schizophrenia

BMC Psychiatry

Table 1 Key characteristics of participants with and without legal system involvement

Variable	With legal involvement (n = 278)	% of total sample	Without legal involvement (n = 331)	% of total sample	Unadjusted p value	Adjusted p value^a
Age, mean ± SD, yr	41.0 ± 11.7		44.5 ± 12.1		< .001	.001
Male	180	65%	200	60%	.277	.776
Ethnicity					.836	.999
Caucasian	149	54%	185	56%
African-American	95	34%	109	33%
Other	34	12%	37	11%
Uninsured	57	21%	48	15%	.051	.238
PANSS total score, mean ± SD	86.4 ± 18.3		86.9 ± 21.2		.770	.772
SF-36 Mental composite score^b ± SD	-1.3 ± 1.3		-0.9 ± 1.3		< .001	.001
SF-36 Physical composite score^b ± SD	-0.5 ± 1.1		-0.4 ± 1.0		.218	.037
Not hospitalized in the previous year	172	64%	245	75%	.003	.034
ER use in the previous 3 months	87	32%	76	24%	.021	.056
Lifetime substance abuse diagnosis	145	52%	117	35%	< .001	< .001
Drink alcohol to intoxication	29	11%	19	6%	.049	.088
Cannabis use	60	22%	19	6%	< .001	< .001
Cocaine use	23	8%	6	2%	< .001	.001
MPR ≥ 80%	92	36%	146	50%	.001	.015
MPR, mean ± SD	0.5 ± 0.4		0.6 ± 0.4		< .001	.001
Discontinued study	84	30%	72	22%	.020	.053
Mean days to study discontinuation, mean ± SD	312.6 ± 93.9		325.3 ± 84.2		.082	.136

Abbreviations: ER, emergency room; MPR, medication possession ratio; PANSS, positive and negative syndrome scale; SD, standard deviation; SF-36, Medical Outcome--Short Form 36. Possible PANSS scores range from 30 to 210, with higher scores indicating greater pathology. SF-36 standardized scores are relative to the general population, where smaller negative scores indicate better health.
^aAdjusted p value for age, gender, and ethnicity.
^bWeighted averages of the Z-scores of the 8 Medical Outcome--Short Form 36 domain scores as related to general population norms.

ISSN: 1471-244X